Macrophytes of Dal and Nigeen Lake and succession after invasion of Azolla

Shahnawaz Ahmad (F.S.E.Sc)

doi:https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V4I3P106

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 4 | Issue 3 | Year 2017 | Article Id. IJAES-V4I3P106 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V4I3P106

Macrophytes of Dal and Nigeen Lake and succession after invasion of Azolla

Shahnawaz Ahmad (F.S.E.Sc), NayaraTaban

Citation :

Shahnawaz Ahmad (F.S.E.Sc), NayaraTaban, "Macrophytes of Dal and Nigeen Lake and succession after invasion of Azolla," International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 34-37, 2017. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V4I3P106

Abstract

Succession of macrophytes in the lake became more dramatic and dynamic after invasion of Azola ie 2004. The weed pushes and smothers other free-floating macrophytes like lemna sp. It then provides substrates for the emergent weeds, which later reduces its population by competition for light and nutrients.

Keywords

Dal Lake, Macrophytes, zonation, succession

References

1) APHA. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. 20th Edn. APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington D.C., USA (1998).
2) Arceivala, S.J.: Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. AIC Watson Consultants Ltd., Mumbai, India (1997).
3) George, I., P. Crop and P. Servais: Fecal coliform removal in wastewater treatment plants studied by plate counts and enzymatic methods. Water Res., 36, 2607-2617 (2002).
4) Gunten, U.V., A. Driedger, H. Gallard and E. Salhi: Byproducts formation during drinking water disinfection: A tool to assess disinfection efficiency? Water Res., 35, 2095-2099 (2001).
5) Haas, C.N. and R.S. Engelbrecht: Physiological alterations of vegetative microorganisms resulting from chlorination. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 52, 1976-1989 (1980).
6) Indra, V. and S. Sivaji: Metals and organic components of sewage and sludges. J. Environ. Biol., 27, 723-725 (2005).
7) Kumari, Banu, S., A. Kavitha Kirubavathy and Rajammal Thirumalnesan: Suitability and water quality criteria of an open drainage municipal sewage water at Coimbatore, used for irrigation. J. Environ. Biol., 27, 709-712 (2006).
8) Lazarova, V., P. Savoye, M.L. Janex, E.R. Blatchley III and M. Pommepuy: Advanced wastewater disinfection technologies: State of art and perspectives. Water Sci. Technol., 40, 203-213 (1999).
9) Laxmi, V., J. Parikh and K.S. Parikh: Environment: Can neglect no longer. In: India development report (Ed.: K.S. Parikh). Oxford University Press, Delhi, India. pp. 95-106 (1997).
10) Lessard, P. and Y. L. Bihan: Fixed film processes. In: The handbook of water and wastewater microbiology (Eds.: D. Mara and N. Horan). Academic Press, USA. pp. 317-336 (2003).
11) Lindsay, L.: Chlorination. Tech. Brief., 4, 1-4 (2004).
12) Machdar, I., H. Harada, A. Ohashi, Y. Sekiguchi, H. Okui and K. Ueki: A novel and cost-effective sewage treatment system consisting of UASB pretreatment and aerobic posttreatment units for developing countries. Water Sci. Technol., 36, 189-197 (1997).
13) Miescer, J. J. and V. J. Cabelli: Enterococci and other microbial indicators in Municipal wastewater effluents. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 54, 1599-1606 (1982).